Method for transmitting synchronization signal for d2d communication in wireless communication system and apparatus therefor

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transmitting a device-to-device (D2D) synchronization signal of a first terminal in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of: receiving a radio resource setting for D2D communication; and transmitting a D2D synchronization signal to a second radio resource which corresponds to a specific index, other than a first radio resource, from among a plurality of radio resource setting-based D2D radio resources, wherein the first radio resource is defined to be used for wide area network (WAN) based communication.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and,more specifically, to a method for transmitting a synchronization signalfor device-to-device (D2D) communication in a wireless communicationsystem and an apparatus therefor.

BACKGROUND ART

A 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE)(hereinafter, referred to as ‘LTE’) communication system which is anexample of a wireless communication system to which the presentinvention can be applied will be described in brief.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network structure of an EvolvedUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) which is an exampleof a wireless communication system. The E-UMTS is an evolved version ofthe conventional UMTS, and its basic standardization is in progressunder the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The E-UMTS may bereferred to as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. Details of thetechnical specifications of the UMTS and E-UMTS may be understood withreference to Release 7 and Release 8 of “3rd Generation PartnershipProject; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network”.

Referring to FIG. 1, the E-UMTS includes a User Equipment (UE), basestations (eNode B; eNB), and an Access Gateway (AG) which is located atan end of a network (E-UTRAN) and connected to an external network. Thebase stations may simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for abroadcast service, a multicast service and/or a unicast service.

One or more cells exist for one base station. One cell is set to one ofbandwidths of 1.44, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz to provide a downlink oruplink transport service to several user equipments. Different cells maybe set to provide different bandwidths. Also, one base station controlsdata transmission and reception for a plurality of user equipments. Thebase station transmits downlink (DL) scheduling information of downlinkdata to the corresponding user equipment to notify the correspondinguser equipment of time and frequency domains to which data will betransmitted and information related to encoding, data size, and hybridautomatic repeat and request (HARQ). Also, the base station transmitsuplink (UL) scheduling information of uplink data to the correspondinguser equipment to notify the corresponding user equipment of time andfrequency domains that can be used by the corresponding user equipment,and information related to encoding, data size, and HARQ. An interfacefor transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between thebase stations. A Core Network (CN) may include the AG and a network nodeor the like for user registration of the user equipment. The AG managesmobility of the user equipment on a Tracking Area (TA) basis, whereinone TA includes a plurality of cells.

Although the wireless communication technology developed based on WCDMAhas been evolved into LTE, request and expectation of users andproviders have continued to increase. Also, since another wirelessaccess technology is being continuously developed, new evolution of thewireless communication technology will be required for competitivenessin the future. In this respect, reduction of cost per bit, increase ofavailable service, use of adaptable frequency band, simple structure andopen type interface, proper power consumption of the user equipment,etc. are required.

In order to assist an eNB and efficiently managing a wirelesscommunication system, a UE periodically and/or aperiodically reportsstate information about a current channel to the eNB. The reportedchannel state information may include results calculated inconsideration of various situations, and accordingly a more efficientreporting method is needed.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies ina method of transmitting a synchronization signal for device-to-device(D2D) communication in a wireless communication system and an apparatustherefor.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the objectsthat could be achieved with the present invention are not limited towhat has been particularly described hereinabove and the above and otherobjects that the present invention could achieve will be more clearlyunderstood from the following detailed description.

Technical Solution

In an aspect of the present invention, a method of transmitting adevice-to-device (D2D) synchronization signal of a first terminal in awireless communication system includes: receiving a radio resourceconfiguration for D2D communication; and transmitting the D2Dsynchronization signal through a second radio resource corresponding toa specific index other than a first radio resource from among aplurality of D2D radio resources based on the radio resourceconfiguration, wherein the first radio resource is defined to be usedfor wide area network (WAN) based communication.

The first radio resource may be used by a second terminal for a physicaluplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel(PUSCH) related to WAN radio resources.

The specific index may be defined such that a plurality of radioresource indices for transmission of D2D based uplink controlinformation (UCI) is shifted.

The specific index may be an uplink index based on a downlink HARQreference configuration defined for transmission of D2D basedacknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK).

The specific index may be obtained by applying a predetermined offset toan index based on an uplink-downlink configuration for WAN basedcommunication.

A sequence of the D2D synchronization signal may be determined dependingon the specific index.

A repetition pattern of the D2D synchronization signal may be determinedaccording to the index of the second radio resource.

The specific index may be predefined, and the D2D synchronization signalmay indicate a position of a window having a predetermined period inwhich the D2D synchronization signal is transmitted, in a radio resourcecorresponding to the specific index.

The specific index may be used to generate a sequence of a referencesignal for decoding of the D2D synchronization signal.

The D2D synchronization signal may include information indicating thenumber of relays for D2D communication. The information indicating thenumber of relays may be defined as a hop count, and the D2Dsynchronization signal may include the hop count and a system framenumber.

The D2D synchronization signal may be a sidelink synchronization signal.

In another aspect of the present invention, a first terminal configuredto transmit a D2D synchronization signal in a wireless communicationsystem includes: a radio frequency (RF) unit; and a processor, whereinthe processor is configured to receive a radio resource configurationfor D2D communication and to transmit the D2D synchronization signalthrough a second radio resource corresponding to a specific index otherthan a first radio resource from among a plurality of D2D radioresources based on the radio resource configuration, wherein the firstradio resource is defined to be used for WAN based communication.

Advantageous Effects

According to embodiments of the present invention, transmission andreception of signals for D2D communication in a wireless communicationsystem can be efficiently performed.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the effectsthat can be achieved with the present invention are not limited to whathas been particularly described hereinabove and other advantages of thepresent invention will be more clearly understood from the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a network structure of an E-UMTS as an example of awireless communication system;

FIG. 2 illustrates structures of a control plane and a user plane of aradio interface protocol between a UE and E-UTRAN based on the 3GPPradio access network standard;

FIG. 3 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP LTE system and ageneral method for transmitting a signal using the physical channels;

FIG. 4 illustrates a structure of a radio frame used in an LTE system;

FIG. 5 illustrates a P-BCH (primary broadcast channel) and an SCH(synchronization channel) in an LTE system;

FIG. 6 illustrates a radio frame structure for transmission of asynchronization signal (SS);

FIG. 7 is a reference diagram illustrating a method of generating asecondary synchronization signal (SSS);

FIG. 8 illustrates a resource grid in a downlink slot;

FIG. 9 illustrates a downlink radio frame structure used in LTE;

FIG. 10 illustrates an uplink subframe structure used in LTE;

FIG. 11 is a reference diagram illustrating D2D (UE-to-UE)communication;

FIG. 12 is a reference diagram illustrating scenarios in which D2Dcommunication is performed; and

FIG. 13 illustrates a base station and a UE applicable to an embodimentof the present invention.

BEST MODE

The following technology may be used for various wireless accesstechnologies such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA(frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multipleaccess), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), andSC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). The CDMAmay be implemented by the radio technology such as UTRA (universalterrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. The TDMA may be implemented bythe radio technology such as global system for mobile communications(GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSMevolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented by the radio technologysuch as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, andevolved UTRA (E-UTRA). The UTRA is a part of a universal mobiletelecommunications system (UMTS). A 3rd generation partnership projectlong term evolution (3GPP LTE) is a part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS)that uses E-UTRA, and adopts OFDMA in a downlink and SC-FDMA in anuplink. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolved version of the 3GPP LTE.

For clarification of the description, although the following embodimentswill be described based on the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A, it is to be understoodthat the technical spirits of the present invention are not limited tothe 3GPP LTE/LTE-A. Also, specific terminologies hereinafter used in theembodiments of the present invention are provided to assistunderstanding of the present invention, and various modifications may bemade in the specific terminologies within the range that they do notdepart from technical spirits of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and auser plane of a radio interface protocol between a user equipment andE-UTRAN based on the 3GPP radio access network standard. The controlplane means a passageway where control messages are transmitted, whereinthe control messages are used by the user equipment and the network tomanage call. The user plane means a passageway where data generated inan application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet dataare transmitted.

A physical layer as the first layer provides an information transferservice to an upper layer using a physical channel. The physical layeris connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer via a transportchannel, wherein the medium access control layer is located above thephysical layer. Data are transferred between the medium access controllayer and the physical layer via the transport channel. Data aretransferred between one physical layer of a transmitting side and theother physical layer of a receiving side via the physical channel. Thephysical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources. In moredetail, the physical channel is modulated in accordance with anorthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme in adownlink, and is modulated in accordance with a single carrier frequencydivision multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme in an uplink.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides aservice to a radio link control (RLC) layer above the MAC layer via alogical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer supports reliabledata transmission. The RLC layer may be implemented as a functionalblock inside the MAC layer. In order to effectively transmit data usingIP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 within a radio interface having a narrowbandwidth, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the secondlayer performs header compression to reduce the size of unnecessarycontrol information.

A radio resource control (RRC) layer located on the lowest part of thethird layer is defined in the control plane only. The RRC layer isassociated with configuration, re-configuration and release of radiobearers (‘RBs’) to be in charge of controlling the logical, transportand physical channels. In this case, the RB means a service provided bythe second layer for the data transfer between the user equipment andthe network. To this end, the RRC layers of the user equipment and thenetwork exchange RRC message with each other. If the RRC layer of theuser equipment is RRC connected with the RRC layer of the network, theuser equipment is in an RRC connected mode. If not so, the userequipment is in an RRC idle mode. A non-access stratum (NAS) layerlocated above the RRC layer performs functions such as sessionmanagement and mobility management.

One cell constituting a base station eNB is set to one of bandwidths of1.4, 3.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a downlink or uplinktransmission service to several user equipments. At this time, differentcells may be set to provide different bandwidths.

As downlink transport channels carrying data from the network to theuser equipment, there are provided a broadcast channel (BCH) carryingsystem information, a paging channel (PCH) carrying paging message, anda downlink shared channel (SCH) carrying user traffic or controlmessages. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast orbroadcast service may be transmitted via the downlink SCH or anadditional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, as uplinktransport channels carrying data from the user equipment to the network,there are provided a random access channel (RACH) carrying an initialcontrol message and an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) carrying usertraffic or control message. As logical channels located above thetransport channels and mapped with the transport channels, there areprovided a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel(PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel(MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating physical channels used in a 3GPP LTEsystem and a general method for transmitting a signal using the physicalchannels.

The user equipment performs initial cell search such as synchronizingwith the base station when it newly enters a cell or the power is turnedon at step S301. To this end, the user equipment synchronizes with thebase station by receiving a primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) anda secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) from the base station, andacquires information such as cell ID, etc. Afterwards, the userequipment may acquire broadcast information within the cell by receivinga physical broadcast channel (PBCH) from the base station. Meanwhile,the user equipment may identify a downlink channel status by receiving adownlink reference signal (DL RS) at the initial cell search step.

The user equipment which has finished the initial cell search mayacquire more detailed system information by receiving a physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH) in accordance with a physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) and information carried in the PDCCH at stepS302.

Afterwards, the user equipment may perform a random access procedure(RACH) such as steps S303 to S306 to complete access to the basestation. To this end, the user equipment may transmit a preamble througha physical random access channel (PRACH) (S303), and may receive aresponse message to the preamble through the PDCCH and the PDSCHcorresponding to the PDCCH (S304). In case of a contention based RACH,the user equipment may perform a contention resolution procedure such astransmission (S305) of additional physical random access channel andreception (S306) of the physical downlink control channel and thephysical downlink shared channel corresponding to the physical downlinkcontrol channel.

Having performed the above mentioned procedures, the user equipment maybe able to perform a PDCCH/PDSCH reception [S307] and a PUSCH/PUCCH(physical uplink shared channel/physical uplink control channel)transmission [S308] as a general uplink/downlink signal transmissionprocedure. Control information transmitted from the user equipment tothe base station will be commonly referred to as uplink controlinformation (UCI). The UCI includes HARQ ACK/NACK (Hybrid AutomaticRepeat and reQuest Acknowledgement/Negative-ACK), SR (SchedulingRequest), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. In this specification,the HARQ ACK/NACK will be simply referred to as HARQ-ACK or ACK/NACK(A/N). The HARQ-ACK includes at least one of positive ACK (simply,referred to as ACK), negative ACK (NACK), DTX and NACK/DTX. The CSIincludes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding MatrixIndicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. Although the UCI is generallytransmitted through the PUCCH, it may be transmitted through the PUSCHif control information and traffic data should be transmitted at thesame time. Also, the user equipment may aperiodically transmit the UCIthrough the PUSCH in accordance with request/command of the network.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame used in anLTE system.

Referring to FIG. 4, in a cellular OFDM radio packet communicationsystem, uplink/downlink data packet transmission is performed in a unitof subframe, wherein one subframe is defined by a given time intervalthat includes a plurality of OFDM symbols. The 3GPP LTE standardsupports a type 1 radio frame structure applicable to frequency divisionduplex (FDD) and a type 2 radio frame structure applicable to timedivision duplex (TDD).

FIG. 4(a) is a diagram illustrating a structure of a type 1 radio frame.The downlink radio frame includes 10 subframes, each of which includestwo slots in a time domain. A time required to transmit one subframewill be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). For example,one subframe may have a length of 1 ms, and one slot may have a lengthof 0.5 ms. One slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in a timedomain and a plurality of resource blocks (RB) in a frequency domain.Since the 3GPP LTE system uses OFDM in a downlink, OFDM symbolsrepresent one symbol interval. The OFDM symbol may be referred to asSC-FDMA symbol or symbol interval. The resource block (RB) as a resourceallocation unit may include a plurality of continuous subcarriers in oneslot.

The number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be varied dependingon configuration of a cyclic prefix (CP). Examples of the CP include anextended CP and a normal CP. For example, if the OFDM symbols areconfigured by the normal CP, the number of OFDM symbols included in oneslot may be 7. If the OFDM symbols are configured by the extended CP,since the length of one OFDM symbol is increased, the number of OFDMsymbols included in one slot is smaller than that of OFDM symbols incase of the normal CP. For example, in case of the extended CP, thenumber of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be 6. If a channel stateis unstable like the case where the user equipment moves at high speed,the extended CP may be used to reduce inter-symbol interference.

If the normal CP is used, since one slot includes seven OFDM symbols,one subframe includes 14 OFDM symbols. At this time, first maximum threeOFDM symbols of each subframe may be allocated to a physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH), and the other OFDM symbols may be allocated toa physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).

FIG. 4(b) is a diagram illustrating a structure of a type 2 radio frame.The type 2 radio frame includes two half frames, each of which includesfour general subframes, which include two slots, and a special subframewhich includes a downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS), a guard period (GP),and an uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS).

In the special subframe, the DwPTS is used for initial cell search,synchronization or channel estimation at the user equipment. The UpPTSis used for channel estimation at the base station and uplinktransmission synchronization of the user equipment. In other words, theDwPTS is used for downlink transmission, whereas the UpPTS is used foruplink transmission. Especially, the UpPTS is used for PRACH preamble orSRS transmission. Also, the guard period is to remove interferenceoccurring in the uplink due to multipath delay of downlink signalsbetween the uplink and the downlink.

Configuration of the special subframe is defined in the current 3GPPstandard document as illustrated in Table 1 below. Table 1 illustratesthe DwPTS and the UpPTS in case of T_(s)=1/(15000×2048), and the otherregion is configured for the guard period.

TABLE 1 Normal cyclic prefix in downlink UpPTS Extended cyclic prefix indownlink Normal Extended UpPTS Special subframe cyclic prefix cyclicprefix Normal cyclic Extended cyclic configuration DwPTS in uplink inuplink DwPTS prefix in uplink prefix in uplink 0  6592 · T_(s) 2192 ·T_(s) 2560 · T_(s)  7680 · T_(s) 2192 · T_(s) 2560 · T_(s) 1 19760 ·T_(s) 20480 · T_(s) 2 21952 · T_(s) 23040 · T_(s) 3 24144 · T_(s) 25600· T_(s) 4 26336 · T_(s)  7680 · T_(s) 4384 · T_(s) 5120 · T_(s) 5  6592· T_(s) 4384 · T_(s) 5120 · T_(s) 20480 · T_(s) 6 19760 · T_(s) 23040 ·T_(s) 7 21952 · T_(s) 12800 · T_(s) 8 24144 · T_(s) — — — 9 13168 ·T_(s) — — —

In the meantime, the structure of the type 2 radio frame, that is,uplink/downlink configuration (UL/DL configuration) in the TDD system isas illustrated in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Downlink- to- Uplink Uplink- Switch- downlink point Subframenumber configuration periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 ms D S U U U DS U U U 1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D 2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D 3 10 ms  DS U U U D D D D D 4 10 ms  D S U U D D D D D D 5 10 ms  D S U D D D D DD D 6 5 ms D S U U U D S U U D

In the above Table 2, D means the downlink subframe, U means the uplinksubframe, and S means the special subframe. Also, Table 2 alsoillustrates a downlink-uplink switching period in the uplink/downlinksubframe configuration of each system.

The structure of the aforementioned radio frame is only exemplary, andvarious modifications may be made in the number of subframes included inthe radio frame, the number of slots included in the subframe, or thenumber of symbols included in the slot.

FIG. 5 illustrates a P-BCH (primary broadcast channel) and an SCH(synchronization channel) in LTE. The SCH includes a P-SCH and an S-SCH.A PSS (primary synchronization signal) is transmitted on the P-SCH andan SSS (secondary synchronization signal) is transmitted on the S-SCH.

Referring to FIG. 5, in frame structure type 1 (i.e., FDD), the P-SCH isdisposed at the last OFDM symbols of slot #0 (i.e., the first slot ofsubframe #0) and slot #10 (i.e., the first slot of subframe #5) in eachradio frame. The S-SCH is disposed at OFDM symbols immediately beforethe last OFDM symbols of slot #0 and slot #10 in each radio frame. TheS-SCH and the P-SCH are positioned at neighboring OFDM symbols. In framestructure type 2 (i.e., TDD), the P-SCH is transmitted through the thirdOFDM symbols of subframes #1/#6 and the S-SCH is positioned at the lastOFDM symbols of slot #1 (i.e., the second slot of subframe #0) and slot#11 (i.e., the second slot of subframe #5). The P-BCH is transmittedevery four radio frames using the first to fourth OFDM symbols of thesecond slot of subframe #0 irrespective of frame structure type.

The P-SCH is transmitted in the corresponding OFDM symbols using 72subcarriers (10 subcarriers are reserved and 62 subcarriers carry a PSS)on the basis of a DC subcarrier. The S-SCH is transmitted in thecorresponding OFDM symbols using 72 subcarriers (10 subcarriers arereserved and 62 subcarriers carry an SSS) on the basis of the DCsubcarrier. The P-BCH is mapped to 72 subcarriers on the basis of 4 OFDMsymbols and the DC subcarrier in one subframe.

FIG. 6 illustrates a radio frame structure for transmission of asynchronization signal (SS). Particularly, FIG. 6 illustrates a radioframe structure for transmission of an SS and a PBCH in FDD. FIG. 6(a)shows transmission positions of the SS and PBCH in a radio frameconfigured by a normal cyclic prefix (CP) and FIG. 6(b) showstransmission positions of the SS and PBCH in a radio frame configured byan extended CP.

When a UE is powered on or newly enters a cell, the UE performs aninitial cell search procedure for acquiring time and frequencysynchronization with the cell and detecting the physical cell ID of thecell. To this end, the UE may synchronizes with an eNB by receivingsynchronization signals, for example, a primary synchronization signal(PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), from the eNB, andacquire information such as cell ID, etc.

The SS will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6. The SS isdivided into the PSS and SSS. The PSS is used to acquire time domainsynchronization and/or frequency domain synchronization such as OFDMsymbol synchronization and slot synchronization and the SSS is used toacquire frame synchronization, a cell group ID and/or CP configuration(i.e., information on use of a normal CP or extended CP) of a cell.Referring to FIG. 6, the PSS and the SSS are respectively transmittedthrough two OFDM symbols in every radio frame. Specifically, the SS istransmitted in the first slot of subframe #0 and the first slot ofsubframe #5 in consideration of the global system for mobilecommunication (GSM) frame length of 4.6 ms for facilitation of interradio access technology (inter-RAT) measurement. Particularly, the PSSis transmitted in the last OFDM symbol of the first slot of subframe #0and the last OFDM symbol of the first slot of subframe #5, and the SSSis transmitted in the OFDM symbol before the last OFDM symbol of thefirst slot of subframe #0 and the OFDM symbol before the last OFDMsymbol of the first slot of subframe #5. The boundary of thecorresponding radio frame can be detected through the SSS. The PSS istransmitted in the last OFDM symbol of the corresponding slot and theSSS is transmitted in the OFDM symbol immediately before the PSS.Transport diversity of the SS uses a single antenna port only and is notadditionally defined in the standards. That is, single antenna porttransmission or UE transparent transmission (e.g., PVS (Precoding VectorSwitching), TSTD (Time Switched Diversity) and CDD (cyclic delaydiversity)) can be used for transport diversity of the SS.

The SS can represent 504 unique physical layer cell IDs throughcombinations of three PSSs and 168 SSs. In other words, physical layercell IDs are grouped into 168 physical-layer cell ID groups such thateach physical layer cell ID belongs to only one physical-layer cell IDgroup and each group includes three unique IDs. Accordingly, a physicallayer cell ID, N^(cell) _(ID)=3N⁽¹⁾ _(ID)+N⁽²⁾ _(ID), is uniquelydefined by a number N⁽¹⁾ _(ID) in the range of 0 to 167 that indicatephysical-layer cell ID groups and a number N⁽²⁾ _(ID) in the range of 0to 2 that indicate physical layer IDs in the correspondingphysical-layer cell ID group. The UE can be aware of one of three uniquephysical layer IDs by detecting the PSS and can recognize one of 168physical-layer cell IDs related to the physical layer ID by detectingthe SSS. A Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence having a length of 63 is defined inthe frequency domain and used as a PSS. For example, the ZC sequence canbe defined by the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{{d_{u}(n)} = ^{{- j}\frac{\pi \; {{un}{({n + 1})}}}{N_{ZC}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, N_(ZC)=63 and a sequence element corresponding to a DC subcarrier,n=31, is punctured.

The PSS is mapped to 6 RBs (=72 subcarriers) close to the centerfrequency. 9 reserved subcarriers of the 72 subcarriers carry 0 all thetime and serve as a factor for facilitating filter design forsynchronization. To define a total of 3 PSSs, u=24, u=29 and u=34 areused in Equation 1. Since u=24 and u=34 have a conjugate symmetryrelationship therebetween, two correlations can be simultaneouslyperformed. Here, conjugate symmetry refers to a relationship between thefollowing equations.

d _(u)(n)=(−1)^(n)(d _(N) _(ZC) _(−u)(n))*, when N _(ZC) is even number

d _(u)(n)=(d _(N) _(ZC) ^(−u)(n))*, when N _(ZC) is odd number  [Equation 2]

When conjugate symmetry properties are used, a one-shot correlator foru=29 and u=34 can be realized and overall operation load can be reducedapproximately 33.3% compared to a case in which conjugate symmetry isnot used.

More specifically, a sequence d(n) used for the PSS is generated fromthe frequency domain ZC sequence according to the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{{d_{u}(n)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}^{{- j}\frac{\pi \; {{un}{({n + 1})}}}{63}} & {{n = 0},1,\ldots \mspace{14mu},30} \\^{{- j}\frac{\pi \; {u{({n + 1})}}{({n + 2})}}{63}} & {{n = 31},32,\ldots \mspace{14mu},61}\end{matrix} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Here, a ZC root sequence index u is given by the following table.

TABLE 3 N⁽²⁾ _(ID) Root index u 0 25 1 29 2 34

Referring to FIG. 6, since the PSS is transmitted every 5 ms, the UE canrecognize that the corresponding subframe is one of subframes #0 and #5by detecting the PSS but cannot be aware of which one of subframes #0and #5 is exactly the corresponding subframe. Accordingly, the UE cannotrecognize a radio frame boundary using the PSS only. That is, the UEcannot acquire frame synchronization using the PSS only. The UE detectsa radio frame boundary by detecting the SSS that is transmitted twice asdifferent sequences in one radio frame.

FIG. 7 illustrates a method of generating the SSS. Specifically, FIG. 7shows a relationship of mapping two sequences in a logical domain to aphysical domain.

A sequence used for the SSS is an interleaved concatenation of twom-sequences having a length of 31 and the concatenated sequences arescrambled by a scrambling sequence given by the PSS. Here, an m-sequenceis a kind of a pseudo noise (PN) sequence.

Referring to FIG. 7, when two m-sequences used for SSS code generationare S1 and S2, two different PSS based sequences are scrambled into theSSS. Here, S1 and S2 are scrambled by different sequences. A PSS basedscrambling code can be obtained by cyclically shifting an m-sequencegenerated from a polynomial, x⁵+x³+1. 6 sequences are generated throughcyclic shift of the m-sequence according to PSS index. Then, S2 isscrambled by an S1 based scrambling code. The S1 based scrambling codecan be obtained by cyclically shifting an m-sequence generated form apolynomial, x⁵+x⁴+x²+x¹+1. 8 sequences are generated through cyclicshift of the m-sequence according to S1 index. While the SSS code isswapped every 5 ms, the PSS based scrambling code is not swapped. Forexample, when it is assumed that the SSS of subframe #0 carries a cellgroup ID through a combination of (S1, S2), the SSS of subframe #5carries a sequence swapped to (S2, S1). Accordingly, the boundary of a10 ms radio frame can be detected. The SSS code used in this case isgenerated from x⁵+x²+1, and a total of 31 codes can be generated throughdifferent cyclic shifts of an m-sequence having a length of 31.

A combination of two length-31 m-sequences, which define the SSS, isdifferent in subframe #0 and subframe #5, and 168 cell group IDs arerepresented by combinations of the two length-31 m-sequences. Them-sequence used as an SSS sequence is robust in frequency selectiveenvironments. Furthermore, the m-sequence can be transformed accordingto fast m-sequence transform using fast Hadamard transform, and thusoperation load necessary for the UE to analyze the SSS can be reducedwhen the m-sequence is used as the SSS. In addition, the SSS is composedof two short codes, resulting in decrease in UE operation load.

More specifically, generation of the SSS is described. A sequence d(0),. . . , d(61) used for the SSS is an interleaved concatenation of twolength-31 binary sequences. The concatenated sequences are scrambled bya scrambling sequence given by the PSS.

A combination of two length-31 sequences for defining the PSS isdifferent in subframe #0 and subframe #5 as follows.

$\begin{matrix}{{d\left( {2n} \right)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{{s_{0}^{(m_{0})}(n)}{c_{0}(n)}} & {{in}\mspace{14mu} {subframe}\mspace{14mu} 0} \\{{s_{1}^{(m_{1})}(n)}{c_{0}(n)}} & {{in}\mspace{14mu} {subframe}\mspace{14mu} 5}\end{matrix} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack \\{{d\left( {{2n} + 1} \right)} = {+ \left\{ \begin{matrix}\;_{\;^{{s_{1}^{(m_{1})}{(n)}}{c_{1}{(n)}}z_{1}^{(m_{0})}}} & {{in}\mspace{14mu} {subframe}\mspace{14mu} 0} \\{{s_{0}^{(m_{0})}(n)}{c_{1}(n)}{z_{1}^{(m_{1})}(n)}} & {{in}\mspace{14mu} {subframe}\mspace{14mu} 5}\end{matrix} \right.}} & \;\end{matrix}$

Here, 0≦n≦30. Indices m₀ and m₁ are derived from the physical-layer cellID group N⁽¹⁾ _(ID) according to the following equation.

$\begin{matrix}{{m_{0} = {m^{\prime}\; {mod}\; 31}}{m_{1} = {\left( {m_{0} + \left\lfloor {m^{\prime}/31} \right\rfloor + 1} \right)\; {mod}\; 31}}{{m^{\prime} = {N_{ID}^{(1)} + {{q\left( {q + 1} \right)}/2}}},{q = \left\lfloor \frac{N_{ID}^{(1)} + {{q^{\prime}\left( {q^{\prime} + 1} \right)}/2}}{30} \right\rfloor},{q^{\prime} = \left\lfloor {N_{ID}^{(1)}/30} \right\rfloor}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

The output of Equation 5 is listed in Table 4 following Equation 11.

Two sequences S^((m0)0)(n) and S^((m1)1)(n) are defined as two differentcyclic shifts of an m-sequence s(n).

s ₀ ^((m) ⁰ ⁾(n)=s((n+m ₀)mod31)

s ₁ ^((m) ¹ ⁾(n)=s((n+m ₀)mod31)   [Equation 6]

Here, s(i)=1−2×(i) (0≦i≦30) with initial conditions of x(0)=0, x(1)=0,x(2), x(3)=0, x(4)=1, which is defined by the following equation.

x(ī+5)=(x(ī+3)+x(i))mod2, 0≦ī≦25   [Equation 7]

Two scrambling sequences c₀(n) and c₁(n) depend on the PSS and aredefined by the following equation according to two different cyclicshifts of an m-sequence c(n).

c ₀(n)=c((n+N _(ID) ⁽²⁾)mod31)

c ₁(n)=c((n+N _(ID) ⁽²⁾+3)mod31)   [Equation 8]

Here, N⁽²⁾ _(ID)ε{0,1,2} is a physical layer ID in the physical-layercell ID group N⁽¹⁾ _(ID) and c(i)=1−2×(i) (0≦i≦30) with initialconditions of x(0)=0, x(1)=0, x(2), x(3)=0, x(4)=1, which is defined bythe following equation.

x(ī+5)=(x(ī+3)+x(iī))mod2, 0≦ī≦25   [Equation 9]

Scrambling sequences Z^((m0)1)(n) and Z^((m1)1)(n) are defined by cyclicshifts of an m-sequence z(n) according to the following equation.

z ₁ ^((m) ⁰ ⁾(n)=z((n+(m ₀ mod8))mod31)

z ₁ ^((m) ¹ ⁾(n)=z((n+(m ₁ mod8))mod31)   [Equation 10]

Here, m₀ and m₁ are obtained from Table 4 following Equation 11, andz(i)=1−2×(i) (0≦i≦30) with initial conditions of x(0)=0, x(1)=0, x(2),x(3)=0, x(4)=1, which is defined by the following equation.

x(ī+5)=(x(ī+4)+x(iī+2)+x(ī+1)+x(ī))mod2, 0≦ī≦25   [Equation 11]

TABLE 4 N⁽¹⁾ _(ID) m₀ m₁  0 0 1  1 1 2  2 2 3  3 3 4  4 4 5  5 5 6  6 67  7 7 8  8 8 9  9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 1515 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 2323 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 0 2 31 13 32 2 4 33 3 5 34 4 6 35 5 7 36 6 8 37 7 9 38 8 10 39 9 11 40 10 12 4111 13 42 12 14 43 13 15 44 14 16 45 15 17 46 16 18 47 17 19 48 18 20 4919 21 50 20 22 51 21 23 52 22 24 53 23 25 54 24 26 55 25 27 56 26 28 5727 29 58 28 30 59 0 3 60 1 4 61 2 5 62 3 6 63 4 7 64 5 8 65 6 9 66 7 1067 8 11 68 9 12 69 10 13 70 11 14 71 12 15 72 13 16 73 14 17 74 15 18 7516 19 76 17 20 77 18 21 78 19 22 79 20 23 80 21 24 81 22 25 82 23 26 8324 27 84 25 28 85 26 29 86 27 30 87 0 4 88 1 5 89 2 6 90 3 7 91 4 8 92 59 93 6 10 94 7 11 95 8 12 96 9 13 97 10 14 98 11 15 99 12 16 100  13 17101  14 18 102  15 19 103  16 20 104  17 21 105  18 22 106  19 23 107 20 24 108  21 25 109  22 26 110  23 27 111  24 28 112  25 29 113  26 30114  0 5 115  1 6 116  2 7 117  3 8 118  4 9 119  5 10 120  6 11 121  712 122  8 13 123  9 14 124  10 15 125  11 16 126  12 17 127  13 18 128 14 19 129  15 20 130  16 21 131  17 22 132  18 23 133  19 24 134  20 25135  21 26 136  22 27 137  23 28 138  24 29 139  25 30 140  0 6 141  1 7142  2 8 143  3 9 144  4 10 145  5 11 146  6 12 147  7 13 148  8 14 149 9 15 150  10 16 151  11 17 152  12 18 153  13 19 154  14 20 155  15 21156  16 22 157  17 23 158  18 24 159  19 25 160  20 26 161  21 27 162 22 28 163  23 29 164  24 30 165  0 7 166  1 8 167  2 9 — — — — — —

Upon determination of time and frequency parameters necessary to performDL signal demodulation and UL signal transmission at correct time byperforming a cell search procedure using the SSS, the UE can communicatewith the eNB only when system information necessary for systemconfiguration of the UE is acquired from the eNB.

The system information is composed of a master information block (MIB)and system information blocks (SIBs). Each system information blockincludes a collection of functionally associated parameters and isclassified as an MIB, SIB1, SIB2 or SIB3 to SIB8 depending on parametersincluded therein. The MIB includes parameters that are necessary for theUE to initially access the network of the eNB and most frequentlytransmitted. The SIB1 includes not only information about time domainscheduling of other SIBs but also parameters necessary to determinewhether a specific cell is a cell suitable for cell selection.

The UE can receive the MIB through a broadcast channel (e.g., a PBCH).The MIB includes a downlink bandwidth (DL BW), a PHICH configuration anda system frame number (SFN). Accordingly, the UE can be explicitly awareof information about the DL BW, SFN and PHICH configuration by receivingthe PBCH. Information that the UE can be implicitly aware of byreceiving the PBCH includes the number of transmit antennas of the eNB.The information about the number of transmit antennas of the eNB isimplicitly signaled by masking (e.g., XOR-operating) a 16-bit cyclicredundancy check (CRC) used for error detection of the PBCH with asequence corresponding to the number of transmit antennas.

The PBCH is mapped to 4 subframes for 40 ms. The time of 40 ms isblind-detected and is not explicitly signaled. In the time domain, thePBCH is transmitted in OFDM symbols #0 to #3 of slot #1 (the second slotof subframe #0) of subframe #0 in a radio frame.

In the frequency domain, the PSS/SSS and PBCH are transmitted only in 6RBs, three RBs each on the left and right of the DC subcarrier, that is,a total of 72 subcarriers in corresponding OFDM symbols irrespective ofthe actual system bandwidth. Accordingly, the UE is configured to detector decode the SS and PBCH irrespective of the DL bandwidth configuredtherefor.

Upon accessing the network of the eNB after initial cell search, the UEcan acquire more specific system information by receiving a PDCCH and aPDSCH according to information included in the PDCCH. After performingthe aforementioned procedure, the UE can perform PDCCH/PDSCH receptionand PUSCH/PUCCH transmission as a normal uplink/downlink signaltransmission procedure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a resource grid in a downlink slot.

Referring to FIG. 8, the downlink slot includes N_(symb) ^(DL) OFDMsymbols in the time domain and includes N_(RB) ^(DL) resource blocks inthe frequency domain. Since each resource block includes N_(sc) ^(RB)subcarriers, the downlink slot includes N_(RB) ^(DL)×N_(sc) ^(RB)subcarriers in the frequency domain. While FIG. 8 shows that thedownlink slot includes 7 OFDM symbols and a resource block includes 12subcarriers, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example,the number of OFDM symbols included in the downlink slot can varyaccording to cyclic prefix (CP) length.

An element on the resource grid is called a resource element (RE) andone RE is indicated by one OFDM symbol index and one subcarrier index.One RB is composed of N_(symb) ^(DL)×N_(sc) ^(RB) REs. The number N_(RB)^(DL) of resource blocks included in the downlink slot depends on adownlink bandwidth set in a cell.

FIG. 9 illustrates a downlink subframe structure.

Referring to FIG. 9, up to three (four) OFDM symbols at the start of thefirst slot in a subframe correspond to a control region to which controlchannels are allocated and the other OFDM symbols correspond to a dataregion to which a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is allocated.Examples of downlink control channels used in LTE include a physicalcontrol format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH), and a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH).The PCFICH is transmitted in the first OFDM symbol of a subframe andcarries information about the number of OFDM symbols used fortransmission of control channels in the subframe. The PHICH delivers anHARQ automatic repeat request acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment(ACK/NACK) signal in response to an uplink transmission.

Control information carried on the PDCCH is called downlink controlinformation (DCI). The DCI includes resource allocation information fora UE or a UE group and other control information. For example, the DCIincludes uplink/downlink scheduling information, uplink transmit (Tx)power control commands and the like.

The PDCCH delivers information about a transport format and resourceallocation for a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), information about atransport format and resource allocation for an uplink shared channel(UL-SCH), paging information on a paging channel (PCH), systeminformation on a DL-SCH, resource allocation information of ahigher-layer control message such as a random access responsetransmitted on a PDSCH, a set of Tx power control commands forindividual UEs of a UE group, Tx power control information, voice overInternet protocol (VoIP) activation information, etc. A plurality ofPDCCHs may be transmitted in the control region. A UE may monitor aplurality of PDCCHs. A PDCCH is transmitted on an aggregate of one ormore consecutive control channel elements (CCEs). A CCE is a logicalallocation unit used to provide a PDCCH at a coding rate based on thestate of a radio channel. A CCE corresponds to a plurality of resourceelement groups (REGs). The format of a PDCCH and the number of PDCCHbits are determined by the number of CCEs. An eNB determines the PDCCHformat according to DCI transmitted to a UE and adds a cyclic redundancycheck (CRC) to control information. The CRC is masked by an identifier(ID) (e.g., radio network temporary identifier (RNTI)) according to theowner or usage of the PDCCH. If the PDCCH is directed to a specific UE,its CRC may be masked by an identifier (e.g., cell-RNTI (C-RNTI) of theUE. If the PDCCH carries a paging message, the CRC of the PDCCH may bemasked by a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI). If thePDCCH carries system information (particularly, a system informationblock (SIB), its CRC may be masked by a system information RNTI(SI-RNTI). If the PDCCH carries a random access response, the CRC may bemasked by a random access-RNTI (RA-RNTI).

FIG. 10 illustrates an uplink subframe structure.

Referring to FIG. 10, an uplink subframe includes a plurality of (e.g.,2) slots. A slot may include different numbers of SC-FDMA symbolsdepending on CP length. The uplink subframe is divided into a controlregion and a data region in the frequency domain. The data regionincludes a PUSCH and is used to transmit a data signal such as voice.The control region includes a PUCCH and is used to transmit uplinkcontrol information (UCI). A PUCCH includes an RB pair disposed at bothends of the data region in the frequency domain and is hopped over aslot boundary.

The PUCCH may be used to transmit the following information.

-   -   SR (Scheduling Request): this is information used to request        uplink UL-SCH resources and is transmitted using OOK (On-Off        Keying).    -   HARQ ACK/NACK: this is a response signal to a downlink data        packet on a PDSCH and indicates whether the downlink data packet        has successfully received. 1-bit ACK/NACK is transmitted in        response to a single downlink codeword and 2-bit ACK/NACK is        transmitted in response to two downlink codewords.    -   CSI (Channel State Information): this is feedback information        about a downlink channel. The CSI includes a CQI (Channel        Quality Indicator), and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)        related feedback information includes an RI (Rank Indicator), a        PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) and a PTI (Precoding Type        Indicator). 20 bits are used per subframe.

The quantity of control information (UCI) that can be transmitted in asubframe by a user equipment depends on the number of SC-FDMAs availablefor control information transmission. SC-FDMAs available for controlinformation transmission refer to SC-FDMA symbols that remain afterSC-FDMA symbols for reference signal transmission are excluded in asubframe. In the case of a subframe in which a sounding reference signal(SRS) is configured, the last SC-FDMA symbol of the subframe isexcluded. A reference signal is used for PUCCH coherence detection.

A description will be given of D2D (UE-to-UE) communication.

D2D communication schemes can be classified into a communication schemeassisted by a network/coordination station (e.g., eNB) and others.

Referring to FIG. 11, FIG. 11(a) illustrates a scheme in which anetwork/coordination station intervenes in transmission and reception ofa control signal (e.g., grant message), HARQ and channel stateinformation and only transmission/reception of data is performed betweenUEs performing D2D communication. FIG. 11(b) shows a scheme in which anetwork provides minimum information (e.g., D2D connection informationavailable in the corresponding cell) and UEs performing D2Dcommunication establish a link and transmit/receive data.

Based on the aforementioned description, the present invention proposesmethods of efficiently defining a timing/time at which D2D communicationrelated UEs transmit a synchronization signal (i.e., D2D synchronizationsignal (D2DSS) and/or a physical D2D synchronization channel (PD2DSCH))when a UE performs direct communication (i.e., D2D communication) withanother UE through a radio channel, as illustrated in FIG. 12. Here,while a UE refers to a user terminal, network equipment such as an eNBmay be regarded as a UE when the network equipment transmits/receivessignals according to a communication scheme between UEs.

The present invention will be described on the basis of 3GPP LTE forconvenience of description. However, the range of systems to which thepresent invention is applied can be extended to systems other than 3GPPLTE. Methods proposed by the present invention may be configured to berestrictively applied to i) a case in which some D2D UEs participatingin D2D communication are located within the coverage of a network andthe remaining D2D UEs are located outside the coverage of the network(D2D discovery/communication of partial network coverage), ii) a case inwhich all D2D UEs participating in D2D communication are located withinthe coverage of the network (D2D discovery/communication within networkcoverage) or iii) a case in which all D2D UEs participating in D2Dcommunication are located outside the network coverage (D2Ddiscovery/communication outside network coverage (for public safetyonly)).

In an embodiment of the present invention, a D2DSS (or PD2DSCH orsidelink synchronization signal) may be configured to be transmittedonly on a predefined subframe index and/or radio frame index. Here,information on the subframe index and/or radio frame index on which theD2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) is transmitted maybe configured to be signaled by an eNB to D2D UEs through a predefinedsignal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal) ordefined as previously fixed value(s).

Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present invention,indices/positions of specific radio resources (e.g., uplink resources)available for D2D communication in radio resources configured for a UEmay be signaled through additional signaling (e.g., RRC), and the UE canperform D2D communication with other UEs using the available radioresources. Here, reindexing may be performed only for radio resourcesfor D2D.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the information on thesubframe index and/or radio frame index on which the D2DSS (or PD2DSCHor sidelink synchronization signal) is transmitted may be defined as oneof i) information based on wide area network (WAN) communication relatedsubframe indexing and/or information based on radio frame indexing andii) information based on D2D communication related subframe indexingand/or radio frame indexing.

This is for the purpose of clarifying which communication relatedsubframe indexing (and/or radio frame indexing) is referred to fordefinition of the subframe index (and/or radio frame index) on whichD2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) is transmittedwhen an offset is present between WAN communication related subframeindexing (and/or radio frame indexing) and D2D communication relatedsubframe indexing (and/or radio frame indexing).

Here, information on the offset may be configured to be signaled by theeNB to D2D UEs through a predefined signal (e.g., physical layer signalor higher layer signal) or defined as previously fixed value(s).

In addition, D2D communication applies/receives interference to/from WANcommunication (which refers to previous communication such astransmission of a PUCCH or PUSCH from a UE to an eNB) because D2Dcommunication uses uplink resources through which UEs performtransmission.

In such circumstance, to protect at least one of WAN communicationrelated control information/data (e.g., UCI) and D2D communicationrelated control/feedback information transmitted through uplinkresources, the eNB may set the a D2D UE (and/or a non-D2D UE) such thatthe D2D UE (and/or non-D2D UE) limits such information to part of uplinkresources or shifts the information and transmits the information. Inother words, small or no interference may be received through D2Dcommunication in limited or shifted uplink resources.

Furthermore, to limit or shift the information to part of uplinkresources, an eNB in a TDD system may be configured to signal additionalUL-DL configuration information (i.e., DL HARQ reference configuration)in order to redefine a UL ACK/NACK (e.g. information about whether aPDSCH has been successfully received) transmission timeline for the D2DUE (and/or non-D2D UE).

Here, information about the DL HARQ reference configuration may beconfigured to be signaled by the eNB to the D2D UE (and/or non-D2D UE)through a predefined signal (e.g., physical layer signal or higher layersignal) or defined as a previously specified UL-DL configuration.Furthermore, UL-DL configurations that can be used as the downlink HARQreference configuration may be defined as one or more UL-DLconfigurations having a relatively large number of DL subframes.

For example, the DL HARQ reference configuration can be designated orsignaled as one of UL-DL configuration #2 (i.e., DSUDDDSUDD), UL-DLconfiguration #4 (i.e., DSUUDDDDDD) and UL-DL configuration #5 (i.e.,DSUDDDDDDD). In this case, the subframe index on which the D2DSS (orPD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) can be transmitted may bedefined as a subframe index that is not a subframe index (e.g., ULsubframe #2, #3 or #7) available for a UL subframe (i.e., UL subframe onwhich transmission of WAN communication related control/data information(and/or D2D communication related control/feedback information) isconcentrated) and has higher possibility of being used for an uplinksubframe in 7 UL-DL configurations defined in LTE (i.e., Table 2) in theDL HARQ reference configuration. In Table 2, the subframe index thatsatisfies these conditions is 4 or 8. Here, a situation in which thereis no offset between WAN communication related subframe indexing (and/orradio frame indexing) and D2D communication related subframe indexing(and/or radio frame indexing) is assumed.

Furthermore, limiting or shifting to part of uplink resources accordingto the present invention has the advantages that the subframe indexand/or radio frame index on which the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelinksynchronization signal) is transmitted can be secured irrespective ofUL-DL configurations of TDD, and interference between transmission andreception of WAN communication related control information/data and theD2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) or interferencebetween transmission and reception of D2D communication relatedcontrol/feedback information and the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelinksynchronization signal) can be avoided.

Furthermore, if there is an offset K between WAN communication relatedsubframe indexing (and/or radio frame indexing) and D2D communicationrelated subframe indexing (and/or radio frame indexing), and thesubframe index on which the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelinksynchronization signal) can be transmitted is defined on the basis ofWAN communication related subframe indexing (and/or radio frameindexing), the D2D UE interprets the subframe index on which the D2DSS(or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) is transmitted as (4+K)or (8+K) from the viewpoint of D2D communication related subframeindexing (and/or radio frame indexing) even though the subframe index isset or signaled as 4 or 8.

Conversely, if there is an offset K between WAN communication relatedsubframe indexing (and/or radio frame indexing) and D2D communicationrelated subframe indexing (and/or radio frame indexing), and thesubframe index on which the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelinksynchronization signal) can be transmitted is defined on the basis ofD2D communication related subframe indexing (and/or radio frameindexing), the D2D UE interprets the subframe index on which the D2DSS(or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) is transmitted as 4 or 8from the viewpoint of WAN communication related subframe indexing(and/or radio frame indexing) even though the subframe index is set orsignaled as (4+K) or (8+K).

Alternatively, the subframe index may be defined as a subframe indexthat is not a subframe index available for an uplink subframe (e.g., ULsubframe #2 or #7) and has higher possibility of being used for anuplink subframe in 7 UL-DL configurations defined in the standard (i.e.,Table 2), in DL HARQ reference configurations other than UL-DLconfiguration #4 (UL-DL configuration #4 is excluded because only UL-DLconfiguration #4 from among UL-DL configurations #2, #4 and #5 usessubframe index #3 for an uplink subframe). The subframe index thatsatisfies these conditions in Table 2 is 3. Here, it is assumed thatthere is no offset between WAN communication related subframe indexing(and/or radio frame indexing) and D2D communication related subframeindexing (and/or radio frame indexing).

Alternatively, a plurality of subframe indices (and/or radio indices)that can be used for transmission of the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelinksynchronization signal) may be defined or signaled, and i) a differentD2DSS sequence or ii) a D2DSS sequence generated based on a differentZadoff-Chu root sequence index may be used depending on which one of thesubframe indices (and/or radio frame indices) is used to transmit theD2DSS.

Here, i) a relationship between a subframe index (and/or a radio frameindex) and a D2DSS sequence or ii) a relationship between a subframeindex (and/or a radio frame index) and a Zadoff-Chu root sequencenecessary to generate a D2DSS sequence may be signaled by the eNB to theD2D UE through a predefined signal (e.g., physical layer signal orhigher layer signal) or previously defined.

In this case, a D2DSS reception UE recognizes a subframe index (and/or aradio frame index) through which a D2DSS transmission UE has transmittedthe D2DSS through blind detection of a plurality of D2DSS sequences.

In addition, a specific subframe index (and/or a radio frame index)through which the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal)can be transmitted may be signaled and a different D2DSS sequence or aD2DSS sequence generated based on a different Zadoff-Chu root sequenceindex may be used depending on the signaled specific subframe index(and/or radio frame index).

Furthermore, the D2DSS reception UE may be configured to recognize asubframe index (and/or a radio frame index) through which the D2DSS (orPD2DSCH or sidelink synchronization signal) is transmitted through aD2DSS repetition pattern and/or the D2DSS sequence. Additionally, theD2DSS transmission UE may be configured to determine a subframe index(and/or a radio frame index) through which the D2DSS is to betransmitted through a repetition pattern of the signaled D2DSS (and/orthe D2DSS sequence).

Here, a relationship between the subframe index (and/or a radio frameindex) and the repetition pattern of the signaled D2DSS may be signaledby the eNB to the D2D UE through a predefined signal (e.g., physicallayer signal or a higher layer signal) or previously defined.

Furthermore, when the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH or sidelink synchronizationsignal) according to the present invention is only transmitted through apredefined subframe index (and/or radio frame index), the number of bitsrepresenting radio frame index information and/or subframe indexinformation delivered through the PD2DSCH may be reduced.

For example, if the D2DSS is transmitted at predefined intervals of 40ms and the transmission position thereof is decided as subframe index #3of the first radio frame within a window of 40 ms, the PD2DSCH canindicate only the position of the 40 ms window in 1024 radio framedomains, to which the D2DSS belongs, with 8 bits (i.e., 10240 ms/40ms=256, log₂(256)=8 bits) (instead of 10 bits). In other words, the D2DUE that has received the 8 bits on the PD2DSCH recognizes timesynchronization information (i.e., radio frame index information and/orsubframe index information) assumed by a PD2DSCH transmission UE (and/ora D2DSS transmission UE).

Conversely, when the embodiment in which the D2DSS (or PD2DSCH orsidelink synchronization signal) according to the present invention isonly transmitted through a predefined subframe index (and/or radio frameindex) is not applied, the PD2DSCH requires 10 bits to indicate radioframe index information and 4 bits (i.e., Ceiling (log₂(10))=4 bits) toindicate subframe index information, that is, a total of 14 bits.

The radio frame index information and/or the subframe index informationto be delivered through the PD2DSCH may be defined as one of informationbased on WAN communication related subframe indexing (and/or radio frameindexing) and information based on D2D communication related subframeindexing (and/or radio frame indexing).

Furthermore, when the D2DSS is only transmitted through a predefinedsubframe index (and/or radio frame index) according to the presentinvention, information on the subframe index (and/or radio frame index)through which the D2DSS is transmitted may be used as an input parameterused to generate a sequence of a reference signal (e.g., DM-RS) used fordecoding a predefined signal (e.g., PD2DSCH).

For example, the information on the subframe index (and/or radio frameindex) through which the D2DSS is transmitted may be configured to beused as one of a plurality of parameters that determine a cyclic shiftvalue of a DM-RS used for decoding the PD2DSCH (e.g., configured toperform a role similar to n_(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾ (or to derive n_(s) (i.e., slotnumber within a radio frame) of n_(PN)(n_(s)) from the subframe indexinformation))

When different subframe indices through which the D2DSS is transmittedare defined for D2DSS related hop count values, the same D2DSS sequenceor a D2DSS sequence generated based on the same Zadoff-Chu root sequenceindex is used (irrespective of different subframe indices through whichdifferent hop count values/D2DSSs are transmitted) and the PD2DSCHindicates most significant bits (MSBs) (e.g., 8 bits) of hop countvalues and a system frame number or MSBs of the hop count values andradio frame indices such that the D2D UE, which has received the MSBs,can recognize the final subframe index through which the D2DSS istransmitted through a combination of the corresponding information.

Here, a D2DSS related hop count value may increase by one whenever aD2DSS transmitted from a synchronization source (e.g., hop count 0) isrelayed by another D2D UE. In addition, D2DSS transmission relatedsubframe indices which are different for respective hop count values maybe signaled by the eNB to the D2D UE through a predefined signal (e.g.,physical layer signal or higher layer signal) or previously defined asfixed value(s).

Moreover, the aforementioned embodiments of the present invention may beincluded as one of methods of implementing the present invention andthus regarded as proposed methods. In addition, the aforementionedproposed methods may be independently implemented or some proposedmethods may be combined (or aggregated). Furthermore, the aforementionedembodiments may be restrictively applied to a TDD system (e.g., a casein which a D2D UE within an eNB coverage (under a TDD system) transmitsa D2DSS to a D2D UE outside the eNB coverage (under the TDD system)).

FIG. 13 illustrates a base station (BS) and a UE applicable to anembodiment of the present invention.

When a wireless communication system includes a relay, communication isperformed between a BS and the relay on a backhaul link andcommunication is performed between the relay and a UE on an access link.Accordingly, the BS or UE shown in the figure may be replaced by therelay as necessary.

Referring to FIG. 13, a wireless communication system includes a BS 110and a UE 120. The BS 110 includes a processor 112, a memory 114 and aradio frequency (RF) unit 116. The processor 112 may be configured toimplement the procedures and/or methods proposed by the presentinvention. The memory 114 is connected to the processor 112 and storesvarious types of information related to operations of the processor 112.The RF unit 116 is connected to the processor 112 and transmits and/orreceives radio signals. The UE 120 includes a processor 122, a memory124 and a radio frequency (RF) unit 126. The processor 122 may beconfigured to implement the procedures and/or methods proposed by thepresent invention. The memory 124 is connected to the processor 122 andstores various types of information related to operations of theprocessor 122. The RF unit 126 is connected to the processor 122 andtransmits and/or receives radio signals. The BS 110 and/or the UE 120may include a single antenna or multiple antennas.

The embodiments of the present invention described hereinbelow arecombinations of elements and features of the present invention. Theelements or features may be considered selective unless otherwisementioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without beingcombined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of thepresent invention may be constructed by combining parts of the elementsand/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of thepresent invention may be rearranged. Some constructions of any oneembodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replacedwith corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It is obvious tothose skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited ineach other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as anembodiment of the present invention or included as a new claim bysubsequent amendment after the application is filed.

A specific operation described as performed by the BS may be performedby an upper node of the BS. Namely, it is apparent that, in a networkcomprised of a plurality of network nodes including a BS, variousoperations performed for communication with a UE may be performed by theBS, or network nodes other than the BS. The term BS may be replaced withthe term, fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), access point, etc.

The embodiments of the present invention may be achieved by variousmeans, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combinationthereof. In a hardware configuration, the methods according to theembodiments of the present invention may be achieved by one or moreApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital SignalProcessors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs),Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, the embodiments of the presentinvention may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, afunction, etc. For example, software code may be stored in a memory unitand executed by a processor.

The memory unit may be located at the interior or exterior of theprocessor and may transmit data to and receive data from the processorvia various known means.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention maybe carried out in other specific ways than those set forth hereinwithout departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of thepresent invention. The above embodiments are therefore to be construedin all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of theinvention should be determined by the appended claims and their legalequivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming withinthe meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended tobe embraced therein.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

While examples in which the method of transmitting a synchronizationsignal for D2D communication in a wireless communication system and theapparatus therefor are applied to 3GPP LTE have been described, thepresent invention is applicable to various wireless communicationsystems in addition to 3GPP LTE.

1. A method of transmitting a device-to-device (D2D) synchronizationsignal of a first terminal in a wireless communication system,comprising: receiving a radio resource configuration for D2Dcommunication; and transmitting the D2D synchronization signal through asecond radio resource corresponding to a specific index other than afirst radio resource from among a plurality of D2D radio resources basedon the radio resource configuration, wherein the first radio resource isdefined to be used for wide area network (WAN) based communication. 2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first radio resource isused by a second terminal for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) related to WAN radioresources.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specificindex is defined such that a plurality of radio resource indices fortransmission of D2D based uplink control information (UCI) is shifted.4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specific index is anuplink index based on a downlink HARQ reference configuration definedfor transmission of D2D based acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement(ACK/NACK).
 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the specificindex is obtained by applying a predetermined offset to an index basedon an uplink-downlink configuration for WAN based communication.
 6. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein a sequence of the D2Dsynchronization signal is determined depending on the specific index. 7.The method according to claim 1, wherein a repetition pattern of the D2Dsynchronization signal is determined according to the index of thesecond radio resource.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein thespecific index is predefined, and wherein the D2D synchronization signalindicates a position of a window having a predetermined period in whichthe D2D synchronization signal is transmitted, in a radio resourcecorresponding to the specific index.
 9. The method according to claim 1,wherein the specific index is used to generate a sequence of a referencesignal for decoding of the D2D synchronization signal.
 10. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the D2D synchronization signal includesinformation indicating the number of relays for D2D communication. 11.The method according to claim 10, wherein the information indicating thenumber of relays is defined as a hop count, and wherein the D2Dsynchronization signal includes the hop count and a system frame number.12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the D2D synchronizationsignal is a sidelink synchronization signal.
 13. A first terminalconfigured to transmit a D2D synchronization signal in a wirelesscommunication system, comprising: a radio frequency (RF) unit; and aprocessor, wherein the processor is configured to receive a radioresource configuration for D2D communication and to transmit the D2Dsynchronization signal through a second radio resource corresponding toa specific index other than a first radio resource from among aplurality of D2D radio resources based on the radio resourceconfiguration, wherein the first radio resource is defined to be usedfor WAN based communication.